Machine, Platform, Crowd

Machine, platform, crowd explains how digital technologies are changing the ways that companies organize themselves, perform, improve, and compete. Digital disruptions stem from three main sources: the integration of minds and machines, of products and platforms, and of the core and the crowd. In all three cases, technological progress is shifting the balance by stressing the second element of the pair. A machine recently beat the world's best mind at Go. Platforms built by Apple and Google outcompete excellent products by Nokia and Motorola. When the open innovation of the crowd goes head to head with corporate research and development labs, which make up the core, they often win.