No. According to my information, the Mac Pro also has a special Apple-exclusive interface similar to the PCIe-based MacBooks, where no "normal" M.2 SSDs can be installed. The only manufacturer I know of that offers such SSDs for the Mac Pro is OWC. For example with the following product:
OWC OWCSSDA13MP1.0K Aura SSD for Mac Pro 2013
PS: If you can install normal HDD's in 2.5" or 3.5" format in your black bucket, you can also use 2.5" SSD's. ->
WD Blue 3D NAND (1000GB, 2.5")
