Ultras - eine Subkultur? Die Entwicklung der Ultrabewegung mit besonderer Betrachtung als Subkultur

The Ultras, a movement within fan culture that surged from Italy to Germany in the mid-1990s, have become an integral part of stadium life today. Numerous choreographies, youth club-like spaces, massive flags, as well as violent confrontations are all aspects of this movement. The existing literature often disagrees on whether the Ultra movement is a youth movement, youth culture, or a distinct subculture. To clarify this, the following study examines whether the Ultra movement constitutes an independent subculture. The first part delves into the historical development of fan culture in Germany, from the early days of spectator sports to the current Ultra movement. To understand this, a necessary excursion to Italy is also undertaken.