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We experience translation in everyday life as a more or less unproblematic linguistic practice, for which the possibility of cross-linguistic equivalence of meaning is generally assumed. However, when translation is at the center of a philosophical inquiry, its premise must be explained against the backdrop of philosophical approaches to language. While everyday understanding of translation involves atomistic assumptions—where the assumed interlingual equivalence of meaning is based on reference and representation—holistic approaches in the philosophy of language encounter difficulties in explaining interlingual equivalence of meaning. This leads to the threats of linguistic relativism and semantic incommensurability. Semantic holism initially presents an explanatory deficit, which affects not only translation itself but also certain aspects of meaning.