Logik

This book includes an introductory course and an advanced course. The introductory course is written without prerequisites and introduces the reader to the semantics and proof theory of propositional logic and elementary predicate logic, embedded within the general theory of rational inference. Special attention is given to the philosophical application of logic in the logical reconstruction of natural language arguments. Connections between alternative logical notations and techniques are carefully explained. The subsequent advanced course bridges the gap between a philosophical introduction to logic and the advanced level of modern formal logic. After a thorough introduction to full predicate logic and its semantics, the volume turns to metalogical methods. Prominent results regarding the correctness and completeness of predicate logic, the undecidability of predicate logic, and the incompleteness of first-order arithmetic are explained step by step. The volume is rounded off with in-depth excursions and numerous exercises with solutions available for download. The second revised edition has been thoroughly revised in content and didactics.