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This reference book is intended for all those who are professionally involved with trees: - Foresters, gardeners and arborists want to use the external appearance of trees to deduce their internal properties and identify the causes of certain wood characteristics. - Wood technologists want to exclude the effects of unfavourable wood characteristics on the processing properties of the wood or to make favourable wood characteristics particularly effective. - Botanists and dendrologists are taught how wood characteristics develop in the tree and how they can be recognised and have an effect on the living tree. The book is divided into four groups of wood characteristics: - Wood characteristics caused by the natural growth of a tree - Biotically caused wood characteristics - Abiotically caused wood characteristics - Crack forms and causes The individual characteristics are described in detail according to their significance. For each wood characteristic, typical illustrations from nature are included in a picture section.