Eliminierung von Fluoriden aus synthetischem Wasser durch verschiedene Methoden

Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life. However, water is not free everywhere. Fluoride in drinking water can be beneficial or harmful depending on the concentration and total amount consumed. Fluoride is particularly advantageous for children under eight years old for the calcification of tooth enamel when present within the permissible limits of 1.0-1.5 mg/L. An excess of fluoride in drinking water can lead to dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. Indian standards for drinking water recommend an acceptable fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg/L and a permissible fluoride concentration of 1.5 mg/L in drinking water. To remove the fluoride concentration from the contaminated sample, iron oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles, as well as fluoride-contaminated water samples, were processed in the laboratory. During weathering and the circulation of water in rocks and soils, fluoride can leach out and dissolve in groundwater and thermal gases. The fluoride content of groundwater varies significantly depending on the geological environment and type of rock. The most common fluoride-containing minerals are fluorite, apatite, and mica.