Die Evolution des Nervensystems: Wirbellose Tiere vs. Wirbeltiere

Functions of the Nervous System, Development Patterns, and Relationship to Some Neurodegenerative Diseases: The nervous system controls and coordinates our movements. It receives stimuli from the environment and from all internal organs. It interprets these stimuli and formulates responses that are sent to muscles or glands. Comparing the nervous systems of vertebrates with those of invertebrates and among different vertebrates can be a useful tool in the fields of neuroscience, molecular biology, forensic science, pharmacology, and regenerative medicine. For example, why do some neural circuits cross in higher vertebrates, such as the decussation of the pyramids or the optic chiasm? And why are the gray matter and white matter in the brain and spinal cord inverted? This fact allows for the examination of the relationship between the degenerative pathology of the cortex and the spinal cord from an evolutionary perspective. And can this also be linked to the functionality of the 'waste system of the brain and spinal cord'? It is well known that different neurodegenerative diseases affect various parts of the central nervous system: cortex, Parkinson's disease, basal ganglia, ALS, and preferentially the spinal cord. And this is an interesting fact: the same organ, but with different neuronal sensitivity to damage such as neurodegeneration.