Question about Ubiquiti UniFi USW-PRO-8-POE

Nein. Es sind 8 RJ45 1GB und 2 SFP+ 10GB ports. (https://techspecs.ui.com/unifi...)

No, the 8 x RJ45 ports are all 1Gbit with PoE, you have 2 SFP+ ports that can be expanded with transceiver modules.
Either to 10Gbit RJ45 (e.g. Ubiquiti SFP+ module UACC-CM-RJ45-MG) or glass.